芯耀
400
By: Arndt Schübel, Product Marketing Engineer, Analog & Mixed-Signal Group (AMG), onsemi
作者：Arndt Schübel產(chǎn)品營銷工程師，模擬與混合信號事業(yè)部 (AMG) ，安森美
Introduction
簡介
Today’s factories are increasingly deploying intelligent technologies, with devices such as machine tools, robots, actuators and sensors all generating, transmitting, and receiving data.
如今的工廠正在越來越多地采用智能技術(shù)，諸如機(jī)床、機(jī)器人、執(zhí)行器和傳感器等設(shè)備都能生成、傳輸和接收數(shù)據(jù)。
To enable all these separate devices to communicate reliably, factories need to employ robust protocols. In the past, communication has relied on a fragmented mix of networking protocols, including HART, RS-485, Modbus, DeviceNet, Profibus, and CAN. This fragmentation means that expensive gateways are required to link different standards, and maintenance becomes difficult and costly.
為了使所有這些獨立的設(shè)備能夠可靠地通信，工廠需要采用安全可靠的協(xié)議。在過去，通信依賴于包括HART、RS-485、Modbus、DeviceNet、Profibus和CAN在內(nèi)的多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議的混合使用。這種碎片化意味著需要昂貴的網(wǎng)關(guān)來連接不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而且維護(hù)變得既困難又昂貴。
Instead, Ethernet networking is fast becoming the backbone of choice on the factory floor. In this article, we’ll explore why 10BASE-T1S, a single-pair Ethernet standard, is the preferred communication protocol to replace legacy Ethernet and hard-wired solutions for industrial automation.
取而代之的是，以太網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)正在迅速成為工廠車間的首選骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在本文中，我們將探討為什么10BASE-T1S，作為一種單對以太網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，成為了替代傳統(tǒng)以太網(wǎng)和硬連線解決方案用于工業(yè)自動化的首選通信協(xié)議。
Understanding 10BASE-T1S and Its Advantages
了解 10BASE-T1S 及其優(yōu)勢
Defined by IEEE specification 802.3cg, 10BASE-T1S is a multi-drop, collision-free, Ethernet standard. It runs on unshielded, twisted, single-pair Ethernet (SPE) cable, and as the name suggests, it provides a data rate of 10 Mb/s, which makes it much faster than many legacy factory networks.
10BASE-T1S 由 IEEE 規(guī)范 802.3cg 定義，是一種多點、無沖突的以太網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。它在非屏蔽、雙絞線、單對以太網(wǎng)（SPE）線纜上運行，顧名思義，它的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率為 10 Mb/s，比許多傳統(tǒng)的工廠網(wǎng)絡(luò)快得多。
10BASE-T1S can be used either in a point-to-point (P2P) configuration or in a multi-drop topology – which is a key advantage over legacy Ethernet standards, which require P2P connections.
10BASE-T1S 既可以在點對點 (P2P) 配置中使用，也可以在多點拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)中使用，這是與需要 P2P 連接的傳統(tǒng)以太網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比的主要優(yōu)勢。
A multi-drop configuration means there is no need for every link between two devices in the network to have its own dedicated point-to-point connection. This reduces cabling complexity, cost and weight, and enables 10BASE-T1S to offer robust data transmission tailored to the demands of industrial applications.
多點配置意味著網(wǎng)絡(luò)中兩臺設(shè)備之間的每條鏈路都不需要有自己專用的點對點連接。這降低了布線的復(fù)雜性、成本和重量，使 10BASE-T1S 能夠提供符合工業(yè)應(yīng)用需求的安全可靠的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。
Figure 1 shows a multi-drop topology for10BASE-T1S system, supporting a minimum of eight nodes. The nodes may be attached in?line with the mixing segment, or at the end of stubs with a recommended maximum length of up to 10 cm.
圖 1 顯示了 10BASE-T1S 系統(tǒng)的多點拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，支持至少八個節(jié)點。節(jié)點可以在混合網(wǎng)段（Mixing Segment）上串聯(lián)連接，或者位于推薦最大長度不超過10厘米的分支末端。
Figure 1: 10Base?T1S Multidrop, Mixing Segment Topology
圖 1：10Base-T1S 多點傳輸、混合網(wǎng)段拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)
For smart factories, adopting 10BASE-T1S improves interoperability and seamless integration with existing systems, making it easier to deploy. Compared to point-to-point Ethernet networks, it offers reduced power consumption, due to multiple technical features, such as the capability of shutting down the PHY’s transmitter when not sending traffic.
對于智能工廠而言，采用 10BASE-T1S 可提高互操作性，實現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的無縫集成，使其更易于部署。與點對點以太網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相比，由于具備在不發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時關(guān)閉PHY（物理層）發(fā)射器等多重技術(shù)特性，10BASE-T1S能夠降低功耗。
While the IEEE 802.3cg specification does not define power over data lines (PoDL) for multi drop segments, it is possible to transport DC power along with the Ethernet data over the same cable. This “Engineered PoDL” is a system that provides power over data lines for a multi-drop 10BASE-T1S segment without any kind of negotiation protocol. While 10BASE-T1S multi-drop “Engineered PoDL” is ready to use today, the IEEE802.3da standard will officially formalize PoDL 10BASE-T1S multi-drop and is expected to be ratified by late 2024 or Q1 2025.
雖然 IEEE 802.3cg 規(guī)范未定義多點網(wǎng)段的數(shù)據(jù)線供電（PoDL），但可以通過同一根電纜傳輸直流電和以太網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)。這種 “工程 PoDL ”是一種無需任何協(xié)商協(xié)議即可為多點 10BASE-T1S 網(wǎng)段提供數(shù)據(jù)線供電的系統(tǒng)。 10BASE-T1S 多點 “工程 PoDL ”目前已經(jīng)可以使用，IEEE802.3da標(biāo)準(zhǔn)即將正式確定10BASE-T1S多點PoDL，并預(yù)計將在2024年底或2025年第一季度獲得批準(zhǔn)。
Connectivity for Factory 5.0
工業(yè) 5.0 的連接性
The number of sensors, actuators, and other connected devices in factories has already increased greatly and is forecast to rise to more than 200 million by 2030 (up from 81.7 million in 2020)1. While some of these devices will connect wirelessly, there will be a massive demand for the robustness of wired networks, particularly as artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly deployed in smart factory edge devices.
工廠中的傳感器、執(zhí)行器和其他聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備的數(shù)量已經(jīng)大幅增加，預(yù)計到 2030 年將超過 2 億臺（2020 年為 8170 萬臺）。雖然其中一些設(shè)備將采用無線連接，但對有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的強(qiáng)健性仍有大量需求，特別是隨著人工智能（AI）越來越多地應(yīng)用于智能工廠邊緣設(shè)備。
As mentioned, the arrival of 10BASE-T1S Ethernet is fast replacing legacy fieldbus technologies in smart factories to provide reliable wired communications, and particularly for Factory 4.0. By seamlessly integrating diverse systems onto a single, unified network, 10BASE-T1S eliminates the need for cumbersome gateways.
如前所述，10BASE-T1S 以太網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)正在快速取代智能工廠中的傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)，為工業(yè) 4.0 提供可靠的有線通信。10BASE-T1S 可將各種系統(tǒng)無縫集成到一個統(tǒng)一的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，從而無需使用笨重的網(wǎng)關(guān)。
The reduced cabling requirements of 10BASE-T1S contribute to a lighter and more agile network, as well as reducing costs. Looking beyond Factory 4.0, 10BASE-T1S will be one of the wired connectivity standards of the future in industrial automation, establishing a foundation for Factory 5.0.
10BASE-T1S 的布線要求降低，有助于實現(xiàn)更輕便、更靈活的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，同時還能降低成本。展望工業(yè) 4.0，10BASE-T1S 將成為工業(yè)自動化領(lǐng)域未來的有線連接標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一，為工業(yè) 5.0 奠定基礎(chǔ)。
In one example, an onsemi customer has used 10BASE-T1S for their smart factory network. This dramatically reduced the wiring complexity, and the deployment time needed, due to the shift from electro-mechanical devices to networked electronic versions. Compared to P2P non-Ethernet networks, the multi-drop topology of 10BASE-T1S was a significant factor in being able to achieve this reduction.
在一個例子中，安森美（onsemi）的一位客戶在其智能工廠中從機(jī)電設(shè)備轉(zhuǎn)向聯(lián)網(wǎng)的電子版本，由于采用了10BASE-T1S技術(shù)，極大地降低了布線的復(fù)雜性，并減少了所需的部署時間。與點對點（P2P）非以太網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相比，10BASE-T1S的多點拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)是實現(xiàn)這一簡化的重要因素。
With less wiring required, a 10BASE-T1S system like this can reduce the needed cabinet space and save valuable floor space. Repairs are also easier since there is no need to identify, add or remove discrete wires.
10BASE-T1S 系統(tǒng)所需的布線更少，因此可以減少所需的機(jī)柜空間，節(jié)省寶貴的地面空間。由于不需要識別、添加或移除分散的電線，因此維修也更容易。
onsemi's Contribution to 10BASE-T1S Technology
安森美助力 10BASE-T1S 技術(shù)
onsemi's family of 10BASE-T1S Ethernet controllers provides reliability and performance for multi-point networks in demanding industrial environments.
安森美10BASE-T1S 以太網(wǎng)控制器系列憑借可靠性和優(yōu)異性能滿足了苛刻工業(yè)環(huán)境中的多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)需求。
The NCN26010 is an Ethernet transceiver compliant with the IEEE 802.3cg standard. It includes a media access controller (MAC), a physical layer collision avoidance (PLCA) Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) and a 10BASE?T1S PHY designed for industrial multi?drop Ethernet. It provides all physical layer functions needed to transmit and receive data over a single unshielded twisted pair.
NCN26010 是一款符合 IEEE 802.3cg 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的以太網(wǎng)收發(fā)器。它包括一個媒體接入控制器（MAC）、一個物理層沖突避免（PLCA）調(diào)節(jié)子層（RS）和一個專為工業(yè)多點以太網(wǎng)設(shè)計的 10BASE-T1S 物理層（PHY）。它提供通過單根非屏蔽雙絞線收發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)所需的所有物理層功能。
The NCN26000 also provides the physical layer functions needed to transmit and receive data over a single unshielded twisted pair and communicates to existing half?duplex 10 Mb/s-capable Ethernet MAC controllers via a standard media-independent interface (MII). This means that it supports usage with existing infrastructure and more complex devices (FPGA or SoC-based), which enables 10BASE-T1S devices together with low to medium-complex FPGAs.
NCN26000還提供通過單根非屏蔽雙絞線收發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)所需的物理層功能，并通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的媒體獨立接口（MII）與現(xiàn)有的半雙工10 Mb/s以太網(wǎng)MAC控制器通信。這意味著它支持與現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和更復(fù)雜的設(shè)備（基于 FPGA 或 SoC）一起使用，從而使 10BASE-T1S 設(shè)備與中低復(fù)雜度的 FPGA 協(xié)同工作。
The NCN26010 and NCN26000 contribute up to a 71% reduction in physical wiring while increasing bandwidth. They enable wiring time to be dramatically reduced compared to traditional hardwired solutions and provide enhanced data reporting capabilities and overall efficiency improvements. Their compact form factor allows for flexible installation options within enclosures and optimizes space utilization.
NCN26010和NCN26000最多可減少71%的物理布線，同時增加帶寬。與傳統(tǒng)的硬連線解決方案相比，它們能夠顯著減少布線時間，并提供增強(qiáng)的數(shù)據(jù)報告能力和整體效率的提升。它們緊湊的外形尺寸允許在機(jī)箱內(nèi)靈活安裝，優(yōu)化了空間利用。
Overall, these devices enhance the reliability, scalability, and versatility of industrial networks. The flexibility and scalability of the 10BASE-T1S controller architecture are highlighted with the two options shown in Figure 2.
總體而言，這些器件提高了工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性、可擴(kuò)展性和多功能性。圖 2 所示的兩個選項凸顯了 10BASE-T1S 控制器架構(gòu)的靈活性和可擴(kuò)展性。
Figure 2: Three 10BASE-T1S Controllers, MAC+PHY and PHY only
圖 2：三個 10BASE-T1S 控制器，MAC+PHY 和僅 PHY
The NCN26010 with MAC, PHY, and PLCA only requires a 5-pin SPI to a companion MCU. While the IEEE 802.3cg specification only mandates supporting up to 8 nodes and 25 meters in range, lab experiments have proven that onsemi’s controllers can support over double this requirement. Using onsemi’s proprietary Enhanced Noise Immunity
(ENI) feature, the NCN26010 can reach up to 50 meters with 16 nodes or up to 60 meters with six nodes. With careful selection of cables and connectors, even longer distances and/or more nodes are feasible.
帶有 MAC、PHY 和 PLCA 的 NCN26010 只需要一個 5 引腳 SPI 連接到配套的 MCU。雖然 IEEE 802.3cg 規(guī)范只規(guī)定支持多達(dá) 8 個節(jié)點和 25 米的范圍，但實驗室實驗證明 安森美的控制器可以支持超過這一要求兩倍的范圍。通過使用安森美專有的增強(qiáng)抗噪（ENI）功能，NCN26010 在支持 16 個節(jié)點的情況下，傳輸距離可達(dá) 50 米；在支持 6 個節(jié)點的情況下，傳輸距離可達(dá) 60 米。通過精心選擇線纜和連接器，可以實現(xiàn)更長的距離和/或更多的節(jié)點。
Conclusion
結(jié)語
In today’s smart factories, 10BASE-T1S is redefining connectivity by providing a robust, efficient networking standard that can replace fragmented legacy networks.
在當(dāng)今的智能工廠中，10BASE-T1S 提供了一個強(qiáng)健、高效的網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可以取代分散的傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，從而重新定義了連接性。
With onsemi's advanced technology, realized in its NCN26010 MAC/PHY and NCN26000 PHY devices, the connectivity needs of Factory 4.0 are easily supported, and a roadmap is established to Factory 5.0 and beyond.
在安森美 NCN26010 MAC/PHY 和 NCN26000 PHY 器件中實現(xiàn)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，可以輕松支持工業(yè) 4.0 的連接需求，并確立了一條向工業(yè) 5.0 及未來的工業(yè)發(fā)展邁進(jìn)的路線圖。
